PROC REPORT statement combines features of the PROC PRINT, PROC MEANS, and PROC TABULATE procedures with features of the DATA step in a single report-writing tool that can produce a variety of reports.
You can use PROC REPORT procedure to create a report with the SAS dataset and in the formats you would like to see in the report.
Basic syntax:
/* proc report syntax */ PROC REPORT data=SAS-data-set options; COLUMNS variable_1 - variable_n; DEFINE variable_1 / options; DEFINE variable_2 / options; DEFINE variable_n / options; COMPUTE blocks; ENDCOMPUTE; BREAK; RBREAK; RUN; Explanation:
You can simply use the proc report procedure without defining anything or adding any features or options to print the dataset in the output. It works exactly similar to the proc print procedure.
The following sample dataset will be used to demonstrate the different use cases and examples of using PROC REPORT in SAS.
/* Create sample dataset */ data Sales_ds; input Region Store $ Manager $ Department $ Sales 8. Workers 8.; datalines; 1 Store-A Hayes Produce 110 3 1 Store-A Hayes Meat 90 2 1 Store-A Hayes Canned 200 4 1 Store-B Hayes Meat 80 5 2 Store-C Jeffreys Produce 60 2 2 Store-C Jeffreys Canned 420 6 2 Store-C Jeffreys Meat 50 1 2 Store-D Jeffreys Canned 230 4 2 Store-D Jeffreys Meat 73 2 2 Store-D Jeffreys Produce 60 1 3 Store-E Royster Canned 100 3 3 Store-E Royster Meat 420 5 3 Store-F Royster Paper 130 3 3 Store-F Royster Produce 350 8 4 Store-H Fuller Meat 900 10 ; run; The PROC REPORT procedure without any other statement just prints the dataset. The below code produces the same results as if you execute the PROC PRINT procedure.
/* A simple proc report example */ proc report data=Sales_ds; run;
By default the proc report procedure considers all the columns and prints it in the output report. But you can also choose variables that appear in the output report by using a COLUMN statement followed by a list of variables that needs to be added in the report.
This example selects only four variables: region, manager, Sales, and Workers.
/* proc report with selected columns */ proc report data=Sales_ds; column region manager Sales Workers; run; 
You can add filters on your SAS dataset using standard where statement and report procedure will generate output reports based on selected rows.
This example creates the report output with selected four variables described in the previous example but only on selected rows (region 2 and 3) by where clause.
/* proc report with where clause */ proc report data=Sales_ds; where region in (1, 2); column region manager Sales Workers; run; 
PROC REPORT procedure generates reports with default column formats. It can be changed and adjusted the way you wanted to display using the DEFINE statement with DISPLAY instructions.
You can add labels, set the alignment, and add formats to the output report. This is the extension of the last example but with some customization to the report.
Customization:
/* How To Customise Columns in a Report */ proc report data=Sales_ds; where region in (1, 2, 3); column region manager Sales Workers; define manager / display "Regional Manager" right; define Sales / display "Sales Amount" format=dollar12.; run; 
As a part of customization for proc report output you can create special user defined formats and use it in the proc report procedure to show formatted values in the report.
We have already seen how to use SAS inbuilt formats in the previous example where format=dollar12. is applied to the “Sales” column.
This example is focused more on creating your own user defined format and using it in the proc report procedure to format column values.
If you see region values are 1, 2, 3, and so on in the input dataset. The same has been printed in the output report.
Does it represent different regions?
What exactly are those regions?
You can’t tell looking at the report.
To add more context to this you can create a format for regions and apply them on the “region” variable to print actual region names.
Here is how you can create format:
/* create format for region variable */ proc format; value regionfmt 1='Southeast' 2='Northwest' 3='Southwest' 4='Northeast' ; run; Now you have region format “REGIONFMT” ready to use it in the proc report procedure with the DEFINE statement followed by FORMAT=user-defined-format
We will continue with the same example but with applying this regionfmt format on “region” variable and see the output result.
/* user defined format in proc report procedure in sas */ proc report data=Sales_ds; where region in (1, 2, 3); column region manager Sales Workers; define region / display format=regionfmt.; define manager / display "Regional Manager" right; define Sales / display "Sales Amount" format=dollar12.; run; 
As with the DEFINE statement you can use a DISPLAY statement to format columns in a report, similarly you can use the GROUP statement with variable on which data to be grouped and displayed.
In the below example data is grouped by regions and presented with the formatted values for regions instead of original values using the format=regionfmt.
/* How To Group Data In the PROC REPORT */ proc report data=Sales_ds; where region in (1, 2, 3); column region manager Sales; define region / group "Regions" format=regionfmt.; define manager / display "Regional Manager" right; define Sales / display "Sales Amount" format=dollar12.; run; 
In order to summarize the data and create summary statistics, you need to first define a report-item, which must be a data set variable, as an analysis variable.
And also specify what statistics you want to calculate. This example demonstrates “Sales” as an analysis variable and SUM will be calculated. Alternatively, you can also specify MIN, MAX, MEAN, or STD, etc. to calculate statistics you want to compute.
Let’s continue with the same previous example with column, group, format=, statements and explain how summation works in the proc report in SAS.
/* How To Summarize Data In the PROC REPORT */ proc report data=Sales_ds; where region in (1, 2, 3); column region Sales; define region / group "Regions" format=regionfmt.; define Sales / analysis sum "Sum of Sales" format=dollar12.; run; 
Sometimes you may want to transpose the report dataset to make it more readable and informative.
You can do this within the proc report procedure without actually modifying or creating a separate transpose dataset using ACROSS statement.
You must define a report-item, which must be a data set variable, as an across variable. Let’s try to transpose the output displayed in the previous example by setting “region” as across variable.
/* transpose report dataset with proc report */ proc report data=Sales_ds; where region in (1, 2, 3); column department region Sales ; define Sales / analysis sum "Sum of Sales" format=dollar12.; define department / group "Departments"; define region / across "Regions" format=regionfmt.; run; 
In the continuation of the previous example, let’s try to group columns in the proc report to display the sum of sales of each department along with the number of workers working there.
The report is grouped by region and departments, calculated and displayed sum of sales and number of workers.
/* How to create grouped columns in the PROC REPORT */ proc report data=Sales_ds; where region in (1, 2, 3); column department region, (workers Sales) ; define Sales / analysis sum "Sum of Sales" format=dollar12.; define department / group "Departments"; define region / across "Regions" format=regionfmt.; run; 
Now you have calculated the sum of sales with the grouped columns by department to show sales and number of workers working in each department per region. After this you might want to add the last row with the TOTAL of each numeric column.
You’ll get the total number of workers working in each region, sum of sales for each region. Which needs to be calculated while SAS builds the report dataset. It can be done using COMPUTE BLOCK.
A compute block contains one or more programming statements that PROC REPORT executes as it builds the report. You also need to use RBREAK AFTER /SUMMERIZE – It includes a summary line as one of the break lines.
In this example naturally you would like to see total from each department hence it is wise to add the label “TOTAL” on the department variable within the compute block.
/* How To Add TOTAL In the PROC REPORT */ proc report data=Sales_ds; where region in (1, 2, 3); column department region, (workers Sales) ; define Sales / analysis sum "Sum of Sales" format=dollar12.; define department / group "Departments" ; define region / across "Regions" format=regionfmt.; compute after; department="TOTAL"; endcomp; rbreak after /summarize; run; 
The following simple example demonstrates how to add conditional formatting on variable “Sales” based on its value. The cells with blank Sales values or up to 199 will be highlighted with light red color and the cells with sales values more than 200 will be highlighted with light green color.
With the above information let’s first create a user defined format called “mycolorFMT”.
/* create user defined format in sas */ proc format; value mycolorFMT . = 'lightred' Low-199 = 'lightred' 200-High = 'lightgreen'; run; Furthermore in the below example a compute block is used to call a DEFINE statement to format the variable “Sales” values based on the above created user defined format “mycolorFMT”. You can add even more style attributes but for now I have just added background=mycolorFMT.
/* PROC REPORT: Conditional Formatting in SAS */ proc report data=Sales_ds; column department region, (Sales) ; define Sales / analysis sum "Sum of Sales" format=dollar12.; define department / group "Departments" ; define region / across "Regions" format=regionfmt.; compute after; department="TOTAL"; endcomp; rbreak after /summarize; compute Sales; call define (_col_,'style',"STYLE=[BACKGROUND=mycolorFMT.]"); endcomp; run; 
To create customized style proc report output in SAS you need to use STYLE=options.
You can use the STYLE=option to set the style element for the entire report, for all the report columns, for the column headings, for the compute block lines, for the report summaries, or on the specific report cell with conditional formatting.
In this example also we have used user defined regionFMT created earlier in the article.
/* PROC REPORT: How to style a report in SAS */ proc report data=Sales_ds style(report)=[cellspacing=5 borderwidth=5 bordercolor=blue] style(column)=[background=lightgrey] style(header)=[background=grey color=white]; column department region, (Sales) ; define Sales / analysis sum "Sum of Sales" format=dollar12.; define department / group "Departments" ; define region / across "Regions" format=regionfmt.; compute after; department="TOTAL"; endcomp; rbreak after /summarize; compute Sales; call define (_col_,'style',"STYLE=[BACKGROUND=mycolorFMT.]"); endcomp; run; 
You can print the proc report result to a PDF file in SAS. The ODS option can be used in SAS. You need to add an ODS PDF statement in the beginning of your code by specifying output file details and add an ODS PDF close statement at the end.
We will use the same earlier example to create a PDF file with proc report output using the ODS PDF statement.
/* Print proc report result to an External PDF File */ options nodate nodetails; ODS PDF File='/home/u61950255/Files/proc_report_Result.PDF'; proc report data=Sales_ds style(column)=[background=lightgrey] style(header)=[background=grey color=white]; column department region, (Sales) ; define Sales / analysis sum "Sum of Sales" format=dollar12.; define department / group "Departments" ; define region / across "Regions" format=regionfmt.; compute after; department="TOTAL"; endcomp; rbreak after /summarize; compute Sales; call define (_col_,'style',"STYLE=[BACKGROUND=mycolorFMT.]"); endcomp; run; ODS PDF Close; 
You can print the proc report result to a RTF (Rich Text Format) file in SAS. ODS option can be used in SAS to create this document. With ODS, you can create various file types including HTML, Rich Text Format (RTF), PostScript (PS), Portable Document Format (PDF), and SAS data sets.
You need to add an ODS RTF statement in the beginning of your code by specifying output file details and add an ODS RTF close statement at the end.
We will use the earlier example and put the result into an RTF file using the ODS RTF statement.
/* Print proc report result to an External RTF File */ options nodate nodetails; ODS RTF File='/home/u61950255/Files/proc_report_Result.RTF'; proc report data=Sales_ds style(column)=[background=lightgrey] style(header)=[background=grey color=white]; column department region, (Sales) ; define Sales / analysis sum "Sum of Sales" format=dollar12.; define department / group "Departments" ; define region / across "Regions" format=regionfmt.; compute after; department="TOTAL"; endcomp; rbreak after /summarize; compute Sales; call define (_col_,'style',"STYLE=[BACKGROUND=mycolorFMT.]"); endcomp; run; ODS RTF Close; 